Life in hell

專題討論

題目：Myostatin在雞胚生殖腺及肌肉發育中之表現及角色
時間：2009年4月9日
地點：畜產系圖書館
講者：沈志隆
摘要：
Myostatin主要功能為肌肉生長的抑制因子。Myostatin基因剔除會造成骨骼肌的增生與肥大，但myostatin在體內的作用機制仍知之甚少，特別是在雞隻胚胎發育中。近來報告提出myostatin在雞胚肌生細胞系建立前就已經開始表現。利用即時PCR與反轉錄PCR技術，發現myostatin mRNA出現在雞胚之腦、沙囊、肌肉、心臟、肝、小腸、大腸、中腎、睪丸與卵巢，特別是肌肉、睪丸與卵巢有高量表現。在生殖腺，透過組織分析證實myostatiny在精子與卵子生成處僅有小量表現。在肢部肌肉發育時，Myostatin抑制Pax-3、Myf-5及MyoD的表現，並且導致翅部發育較小。除此之外，研究數據顯示myostatin在雞胚肌肉前驅細胞區域活化p21與MyoD這兩個肌肉分化相關基因以促進肌細胞的最終分化，藉此控制胚體內肌肉分裂與分化平衡.

(關鍵語：胚胎發育、生殖腺、肢)

Title: Role and expression of myostatin during chick embryonic development in gonad and muscle
Abstract:
Myostatin is a potent inhibitor of muscle growth. Genetic deletion of myostatin leads to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle, but the mechanisms of myostatin in vivo are poorly understood especially in chick embryogenesis. Recent studies in chicken embryo suggested that the myostatin was expressed on E1 even before the establishment of myogenic lineage on E3. As revealed by real-time PCR and RT-PCR, the mRNA of myostatin was detected in brain, eye, gizzard, muscle, heart, liver, small intestine, large intestine, mesonephroi, testis and ovary of chick embryos, especially high in muscle, testis and ovary. In gonad, histological analyses suggest that myostatin expression is little at least in the sites of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In the developing limb muscle, myostatin prevents the expression of Pax-3, Myf-5, MyoD and result in a smaller wing development. In addition, the data demonstrate that myostatin acts in vivo to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation of chick embryonic muscle progenitors by promoting their terminal differentiation through the activation of p21 and MyoD, two genes associated with muscle differentiation.

(Key Words: Embryogenesis, Gonad, Limb)

參考文獻：
Amthor, H., R. Huang, I. McKinnell, B. Christ, R. Kambadur, M. Sharma, and K. Patel. 2002. The regulation and action of myostatin as a negative regulator of muscle development during avian embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 251:241-257.
Kubota, K., F. Sato, S. Aramaki, T. Soh, N. Yamauchi, and M. A. Hattori. 2007. Ubiquitous expression of myostatin in chicken embryonic tissues: Its high expression in testis and ovary. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 148:550-555.
Manceau, M., J. Gros, K. Savage, V. Thome, A. McPherron, B. Paterson, and C. Marcelle. 2008. Myostatin promotes the terminal differentiation of embryonic muscle progenitors. Genes Dev. 22: 668-681.
Saxena, V. K., N. R. Sundaresan, F. Malik, K. A. Ahmed, M. Saxena, S. Kumar, P.V. Nandedkar, and R. V. Singh. 2007. Temporal expression of transforming growth factor-beta2 and myostatin mRNA during embryonic myogenesis in Indian broilers. Res. Vet. Sci. 82:50-53.
Sundaresan, N.R., V. K. Saxena, R. Singh, P. Jain, K. P. Singh, D. Anish, N. Singh, M. Saxena, and K. A. Ahmed. 2008. Expression profile of myostatin mRNA during the embryonic organogenesis of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Res. Vet. Sci. 85:86-91.


究竟老師會改多少呢??